Informatics Publishing Limited

Vineet Kumar Sharma ¹, D. N. Sharma ¹, Dinesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Haryana, IN

Abstract

The performance evaluation of seed metering inclined cell plate under laboratory conditions was carried out on existing Bt cotton planter in term seed rate, cell fill percentage, seed to seed distance and soil cover over the seed. The seed rate obtained with seed hopper in level position and at speed ratio of 3:1 were 1.75kg/ha, 2.40kg/ha and 2.65kg/ha in large medium and small seed size categories, respectively. These seedrate are quite close to the recommended seed rates of Bt cotton varieties.Based on the results of lab study the optimum speed ratio of 3:1, seed release height of 30 cm inclined cell plate type metering roller and shoe type furrow opener were selected and improved prototype of Bt cotton planter was developed. The development and evaluation of improved prototype Bt cotton planter was carried out under field condition and compared with existing inclined plate type cotton planter. The effective field capacity of both machines was 0.73 and 0.71 ha/h at average operating speeds of 4.1 and 3.8 km/h, respectively. Time lost in turning of both planters was 35 and 37 sec/turn and the field efficiency was 59.34 and 58.77%, respectively. The germination of seed was recorded after 21 days of planting and it was 16-19 plants in case improved Bt Cotton planter and 12-16 in existing planter. The distribution of plants in row and crop response at farmer's field indicated that mean plant spacing was 71 .8 cm and quality of feeding index was 75.57% in case of improved Bt Cotton planter whereas, the mean spacing of 77.6 cm and quality feeding index 68.81 % was recorded in existing cotton planter. The missing index and multiple index recorded in improved Bt cotton planter were 15.45 % and 8.88%, respectively, whereas it was 22.86% and 8.33% in existing cotton planter.

Keywords

Improved Bt Cotton Planter, Seed Rate, Cell Fill Percentage, Missing Index, Multiple Index

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Mohd. Yaqub Khan ¹, Poonam Gupta ², Bipin Bihari ³, Vineet Kumar Sharma ¹, Irfaan Aziz ¹

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow - 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 AMA Herbal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., 352/116-G, Talkatora Road, P.O. Rajajipuram, Lucknow-226017, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002,Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The cosmetics industry is large, with sales over $200 billion. Personal care products are a growing part of the chemical industry worldwide. Compared to industries involved in nanotechnology, it is modest. Nanotechnology entered the field of comsetics and health products nearly 40 years ago with moisturing creams that used liposomes, a vesical of phospholipid layers with an aquaeus core. The applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be found in many cosmetic products including moisturizers, hair care products, make up and sunscreen. Nanomaterials are now being used in leading cosmetic products, most commonly as chemicals used to give the protection in sunscreens. Encapsulation and carrier systems like liposomes, nanoemulsions, microemulsions or lipid nanoparticles serve to transport agents to deeper skin layers. Nanoparticles of titan dioxide and zinc oxide are used as UV filters in sunscreens. There is little evidence supporting the principle that smaller particles have greater effects on the skin or other tissues or produce novel toxicities relative to micro-sized materials. Overall, the current weight of evidence suggests that nano-materials such as nano-sized vesicles or TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles currently used in cosmetic preparations or sunscreens pose no risk to human skin or human health, although other Nano particle may have properties that warrant safety evaluation on a case-by-case basis before human use. Recently, concerns over the safety of such nanocosmetics are raised and have forced the cosmetic industries to limit the use of nanotechnology in cosmetics and for enforcing laws to undergo a full-fledged safety assessment before they enter into the market. In this review, emphasis is made on the types of nanomaterials used in cosmetics by the various cosmetic brands, the potential risks caused by them both to human life and also to the environment and what all regulations have been undertaken or can be taken to overcome them.

Keywords

Liposomes, Nanomaterials, Nanoemulsions, Micro Emulsions, Lipid Nanoparticles.

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Mohd. Yaqub Khan ¹, Maryada Roy ², Brijesh Kumar Saroj ³, Sudhakar Dubey ¹, Vineet Kumar Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy and Research Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow - 226 002 UP, IN
2 Mangalayatan University, Beswan, Aligarh, UP, IN
3 Goel Institutes of Pharmacy and Sciences, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

Panchgavya is a term used to describe five major substances, obtained from cow, which include cow's urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung. All the five products possess medicinal properties against many disorders and are used for the medicinal purpose singly or in combination with some other herbs. This kind of treatment is called Panchgavya therapy or cowpathy. Panchgavya Therapy has been proposed as an alternate prophylactic and therapeutic approach for sound livestock and poultry health along with safeguarding human health. Its antimicrobial properties have gained the attention of the medical and veterinary professionals. Cow urine concoction (CUC) is having anticonvulsant and hypoglycemic effects; and useful against liver disorders and fever; inflammations and anemia. Cow milk is considered as a healthy food and is found to be effective in curing fever and pain; tumors; diabetes; kidney disorders and weaknesses and importantly act as a medium to administer medicine. Curd (dahi) is a blood purifier, and found useful in blood related problems; piles and gastro-intestinal disorders. Cow ghee has immunostimulatory properties. The application of cow dung to kill the germs of malaria and tuberculosis along with its antifungal properties require special mention. The Panchgavya products also show many other applications viz. excellent agricultural applications in the form of biofertilizers, vermicompost and biopesticides, which improves soil fertility and provide food grains free from the health hazards of using chemical fertilizers/pesticides. A systematic work needs to be carried out on chemical nature, biological activity, microbiology and pharmaceutical aspects and mechanism of bioactive compounds in Panchgavya. In the past due emphasis has not been given to the cow therapy which needs attention of scientific community.

Keywords

Panchgavya, Cow Urine Concoction, Curd.

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Mohd. Yaqub Khan ¹, Poonam Gupta ², Bipin Bihari ³, Vineet Kumar Sharma ¹, Irfaan Aziz ¹

Affiliations
1 Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Azadpur, Adjacent CRPF Camp, Bijnour, Lucknow-226002, UP, IN
2 AMA Herbal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., 352/116-G, Talkatora Road, P.O. Rajajipuram, Lucknow-226017, UP, IN
3 Saroj Institute of Technology and Management, Ahimamau P.O. Arjunganj, Sultanpur Road, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The cosmetics industry is large, with sales over $200 billion. Personal care products are a growing part of the chemical industry worldwide. Compared to industries involved in nanotechnology, it is modest. Nanotechnology entered the field of comsetics and health products nearly 40 years ago with moisturing creams that used liposomes, a vesical of phospholipid layers with an aquaeus core. The applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be found in many cosmetic products including moisturizers, hair care products, make up and sunscreen. Nanomaterials are now being used in leading cosmetic products, most commonly as chemicals used to give the protection in sunscreens. Encapsulation and carrier systems like liposomes, nanoemulsions, microemulsions or lipid nanoparticles serve to transport agents to deeper skin layers. Nanoparticles of titan dioxide and zinc oxide are used as UV filters in sunscreens. There is little evidence supporting the principle that smaller particles have greater effects on the skin or other tissues or produce novel toxicities relative to micro-sized materials. Overall, the current weight of evidence suggests that nano-materials such as nano-sized vesicles or TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles currently used in cosmetic preparations or sunscreens pose no risk to human skin or human health, although other Nano particle may have properties that warrant safety evaluation on a case-by-case basis before human use. Recently, concerns over the safety of such nanocosmetics are raised and have forced the cosmetic industries to limit the use of nanotechnology in cosmetics and for enforcing laws to undergo a full-fledged safety assessment before they enter into the market. In this review, emphasis is made on the types of nanomaterials used in cosmetics by the various cosmetic brands, the potential risks caused by them both to human life and also to the environment and what all regulations have been undertaken or can be taken to overcome them.

Keywords

Liposomes, Nanomaterials, Nanoemulsions, Micro Emulsions, Lipid Nanoparticles.

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